Tile, Stone, and Plumbing Basics
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Stone Vocabulary

Antique Stone

Stone that has been re-claimed from applications that are at least one hundred years old. All antique stone from ANN SACKS comes with a certificate of authenticity.

Blending

Combining stone in a way that highlights the natural variations of color and texture.

Bush Hammered

A stone finish in which a hammer, whose face is cut up into projecting points, is used to give the stone face a very rough finish.

Calibrated

Hand selected for thickness and finished so both sides can be used.

Dry Laying

The process of laying out stone before installation. This allows one to take advantage of the stone's natural beauty by blending the variations to create the most pleasing installation.

Gauged Stone

Machine cut on one side to specific thickness while maintaining the cleft for variation on the other side.

Granite

Granite is igneous - meaning it is formed by extreme heat and volcanic action. Its characteristic colors include a huge variety and mixes of color. Granite can take a high polish.

Honed

A stone finish that gives a smooth, even appearance without a high polished gloss.

Igneous

Produced by the action of fire. Formed by volcanic action or intense heat, as rocks solidified from molten magma at or below the surface of the earth.

Limestone

Limestone is sedimentary - meaning it is formed by the action of water and great pressure. Its characteristic colors include neutrals, off-white, beige, tan, taupe, light blue grey. The look of limestone is created by the interaction of sediment deposits and shells with geological activity. Limestone finishes are usually honed and typically do not hold a high gloss polish.

Marble

Marble is the metamorphic product of limestone - meaning it is formed when heat and great pressure are applied to limestone. Its characteristics include a huge variety and mixture of colors. The veins found in marble are created by the interaction of mineral deposits with geological activity. Marble can take a high polish due to its hard surface.

Milled

Machine cut on one side with inherent thickness variation.

Mosaic

Small pieces of stone, glass, or ceramic assembled on mesh, tape, or paper to form a picture, pattern, or field.

Porous

Capable of absorption. All stone is naturally porous to some degree and subject to absorption of water, oil, grease, dirt, etc. Just like wood, stone can be sealed to limit its porosity, and to make it easy to maintain.

Sealant

A product applied to stone to protect against porosity and provide ease of maintenance.

Sedimentary

Formed by matter that settles to the bottom of liquid.

Slate

Slate is metamorphic - meaning it is formed under great pressure from sediment. It has a huge variety of characteristic colors that often vary widely. Slate has a natural cleft finish.

Terra Cotta

Literally translated it means "baked earth". Made from hard brown, red, or buff unglazed clay.

Travertine

Travertine is a banded, compact variation of limestone. Its characteristic colors include neutrals, off-white, beige, tan and yellow. The look of travertine is created by the interaction of gas, shells, and water with geological activity. Travertine finishes are usually honed, but some will hold a polish.

Tumbled

Stone finish achieved by putting the stones in a machine that “tumbles” the stone around together causing uneven rough surface and edges. This finish has a rustic appeal.

Un-gauged

No defined thickness of stone causing extreme range and the ability to use both sides of the stone.

Variation

As stone is a natural product, a range of color and geologic activity is typical and must be expected.